{"id":110953,"date":"2020-03-03T01:29:08","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T01:29:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.worldslastchance.com\/wlc-article\/migrating-jan-kalvin-zabil-teologicke-rivaly-spatny-vyklad-bible-to-ospravedlnil\/"},"modified":"2025-08-22T05:24:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T05:24:20","slug":"jan-kalvin-zabil-teologicke-rivaly-spatny-vyklad-bible-to-ospravedlnil","status":"publish","type":"wlc-article","link":"https:\/\/staging.worldslastchance.com\/cs\/articles\/biblical-beliefs\/jan-kalvin-zabil-teologicke-rivaly-spatny-vyklad-bible-to-ospravedlnil\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Kalv\u00edn zabil teologick\u00e9 rivaly: \u0160patn\u00fd v\u00fdklad Bible to ospravedlnil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kalv\u00edn\u016fv v\u00fdklad Bible ospravedl\u0148oval vra\u017edu jeho teologick\u00fdch oponent\u016f. On s\u00e1m nikomu nes\u0165al hlavu, ani nezap\u00e1lil ohe\u0148, kter\u00fd up\u00e1lil heretiky za\u017eiva, ale Kalv\u00ednova k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed ze Star\u00e9ho a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona tvrdila, \u017ee takov\u00e9to tresty smrti jsou v souladu s Bo\u017e\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n

\"JanJak to? Kalv\u00edn nev\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee v\u0161echny z\u00e1kony Star\u00e9 smlouvy byly odlo\u017een\u00e9 stranou Novou smlouvou oslaven\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. Nezv\u00e1\u017eil p\u0159itom jasn\u00fd smysl textu v epi\u0161tole \u017did\u016fm: \u201eA kdy\u017e\u0165 prav\u00ed o nov\u00e9, tedy pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 prvn\u00ed za vetchou.\u201c (\u017did\u016fm 8,13). Man\u00e9vroval okolo Pavlova z\u00e1v\u011bru: \u201eA tak Z\u00e1kon p\u011bstounem na\u0161\u00edm byl ke Kristu, abychom u\u017e v\u00edce nebyli pod p\u011bstounem\u201c (Galatsk\u00fdm 3,24; \u0158\u00edman\u016fm 10,4). Kalv\u00edn odm\u00edtl tato data z Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a rozhodl se, \u017ee mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony ve star\u00fdch z\u00e1konech T\u00f3ry jsou st\u00e1le platn\u00e9. A zab\u00edjet lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekroutili jeho \u010distou nauku, bylo mor\u00e1ln\u00ed povinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kalv\u00edn konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ospravedl\u0148oval trest smrti pro heretiky textem z 3. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovy 24,16: \u201eKdo\u017e by zlo\u0159e\u010dil jm\u00e9nu Hospodinovu, smrt\u00ed um\u0159e, a v\u0161ecko shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed bez milosti ukamenuje jej. Tak ciz\u00ed, jako doma zchovan\u00fd, kdy\u017e by zlo\u0159e\u010dil jm\u00e9nu Hospodinovu, smrt\u00ed um\u0159e.\u201c<\/p>\n

Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo u\u010den\u00ed \u201emilujte sv\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele\u201c nezastavilo Kalv\u00edna p\u0159ed t\u00edm, aby schvaloval a propagoval smrt sv\u00fdch teologick\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel. A Pavlovy instrukce, jak jednat s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed teologicky nesouhlas\u00ed s tebou, byly zcela ignorov\u00e1ny: \u201eNa slu\u017eebn\u00edka pak Bo\u017e\u00edho neslu\u0161\u00ed vaditi se, ale aby byl p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00fd ke v\u0161em, zp\u016fsobn\u00fd k u\u010den\u00ed, trp\u011bliv\u00fd, kter\u00fd\u017e by v tichosti vyu\u010doval ty, jen\u017e se pravd\u011b protiv\u00ed, zda by n\u011bkdy dal jim B\u016fh pok\u00e1n\u00ed ku pozn\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy.\u201c (2 Timoteovi 2,24-25) Kalv\u00edn neprojedn\u00e1val v trp\u011blivosti sv\u00e9 rozd\u00edlnosti s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed propagovali odli\u0161n\u00e9 my\u0161lenky. Kalv\u00edn po\u017eadoval popravy, vyhro\u017eoval smrt\u00ed a chv\u00e1lil Boha za mu\u010den\u00ed heretik\u016f.<\/p>\n

Kalv\u00edn vyj\u00e1d\u0159il svou teologicky posiln\u011bnou pomstu v tomto osobn\u00edm dopise:<\/p>\n

\u201eJsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee to nen\u00ed bez zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed v\u016fle, aby zlo\u010dinci krom\u011b jak\u00e9hokoli rozsudku soudc\u016f vydr\u017eeli vlekl\u00e9 mu\u010den\u00ed ze strany poprav\u010d\u00edho.\u201c Kalv\u00edn\u016fv dopis Farelovi ze dne 24. \u010dervence (pro v\u00edce slov p\u0159\u00edmo z pera Kalv\u00edna si p\u0159e\u010dti d\u00edlo Selected Works of John Calvin<\/i>)<\/p>\n

Kalv\u00edn v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee se B\u016fh postaral o to, aby krimin\u00e1lnici nezem\u0159eli rychle, kdy\u017e byli mu\u010deni. Tento pomstychtiv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup a jeho podpora zastaral\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f Star\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e9 stanovovaly trest smrti pro konkuren\u010dn\u00ed teology, kte\u0159\u00ed zpochyb\u0148ovali jeho preferovan\u00e9 doktr\u00edny, vypadal sp\u00ed\u0161 jako ISIS ne\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161.<\/p>\n

Boj Jana Kalv\u00edna proti heretik\u016fm<\/b><\/h3>\n

\"\u017denevsk\u00fdOsobn\u00ed korespondence a z\u00e1znamy m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady prozrazuj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv Jana Kalv\u00edna v \u017denev\u011b. A\u010dkoli byl v roce 1538 po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n, aby ode\u0161el, kdy\u017e prosazoval sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy a nez\u00e1vislost c\u00edrkve na exkomunikaci lid\u00ed, \u017eenev\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ho pozvali v roce 1541 zp\u011bt, aby vy\u0159e\u0161il c\u00edrkevn\u00ed nesrovnalosti. Po jeho n\u00e1vratu, m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rada schv\u00e1lila jeho c\u00edrkevn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala zalo\u017een\u00ed konzisto\u0159e. Konzisto\u0159, c\u00edrkevn\u00ed soud, kter\u00fd m\u011bl pod kontrolou discipl\u00ednu ob\u010dan\u016f \u017denevy, se st\u0159et\u00e1val ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, aby projedn\u00e1val p\u0159\u00edpady (viz kronika konzistorn\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f z let 1542-1544.) Jan Kalv\u00edn vedl tento soud. I kdy\u017e tento konzisto\u0159 nem\u011bl moc uv\u011bznit, vypov\u011bd\u011bt do exilu nebo zab\u00edjet provinilce, Kalv\u00edn mohl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit m\u011bstsk\u00fd magistr\u00e1t pou\u017e\u00edt jejich moc, pokud mu jeho oponenti odporovali.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Jacques Gruet, teolog s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory, polo\u017eil dopis na Kalv\u00ednovu kazatelnu, ve kter\u00e9m ho nazval pokrytcem, byl uv\u011bzn\u011bn, mu\u010den po cel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc a nakonec 26. \u010dervence 1547 popraven. Gruetova teologick\u00e1 kniha byla pozd\u011bji nalezena a sp\u00e1lena spole\u010dn\u011b s jeho domem, zat\u00edmco jeho \u017eena byla vyhn\u00e1na na ulici, aby to sledovala.<\/p>\n

Michael Servetus, \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, v\u011bdec a u\u010denec Bible, sd\u00edlel je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed osud. Byl to Kalv\u00edn\u016fv dlouholet\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd, kter\u00fd odol\u00e1val autorit\u011b \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve<\/a>. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b rozhn\u011bval Kalv\u00edna t\u00edm, \u017ee vr\u00e1til kopii Kalv\u00ednov\u00fdch Institut\u016f s kritick\u00fdmi pozn\u00e1mkami na okraj\u00edch. A co ud\u011blal Kalv\u00edn? M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 \u010d\u00edst o jeho reakci v dopise, kter\u00fd napsal p\u0159\u00edteli:<\/p>\n

\u201eServetus nab\u00edz\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ijde, pokud to bude pro m\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Ale j\u00e1 mu nechci sv\u00fdm slovem zaru\u010dovat jeho bezpe\u010d\u00ed, proto\u017ee pokud p\u0159ijde, nikdy mu nedovol\u00edm za\u017eiva odej\u00edt, dokud m\u00e1 autorita bude k n\u011b\u010demu.\u201c \u2013 Dopis Farelovi, 13. \u00danora 1546.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e pak Servetus nav\u0161t\u00edvil Kalv\u00ednovo ned\u011bln\u00ed k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, nechal ho Kalv\u00edn uv\u011bznit a obvinil z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. 38 ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch na\u0159\u010den\u00ed obsahovalo zavr\u017een\u00ed Trinity (Trojjedin\u00e9ho Boha) a k\u0159tu novorozenc\u016f. M\u011bstsk\u00fd magistr\u00e1t ho odsoudil na smrt. Kalv\u00edn po\u017e\u00e1dal pro Serveta trest setnut\u00ed hlavy nam\u00edsto brut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho trestu up\u00e1len\u00ed na hranici, ale marn\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed Kalv\u00edna za soucitn\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e se zasadil o lid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu usmrcen\u00ed, ale koneckonc\u016f to byl Kalv\u00edn, kdo podporoval zabit\u00ed Serveta a v\u0161ech takov\u00fdch kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

27 \u0159\u00edjna 1553 bylo pou\u017eito na hranici surov\u00e9 d\u0159evo, aby se Servetus pomalu op\u00e9kal od nohou nahoru. Po 30 minut k\u0159i\u010del o milost a modlil se k Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, zat\u00edmco ohe\u0148 pomalu stoupal nahoru po jeho t\u011ble, a\u017e sp\u00e1lil teologickou knihu, kterou m\u011bl p\u0159iv\u00e1zanou k hrudi jako symbol sv\u00e9ho kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. Kalv\u00edn shrnul tuto popravu takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

Nesouhlasit s Kalv\u00ednov\u00fdm pojet\u00edm Boha bylo p\u0159estoupen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zaru\u010dovalo trest smrti podle toho, jak Kalv\u00edn vysv\u011btloval Leviticus 24,16. <\/span><\/font><\/span><\/font><\/h2>\n

\"Jan <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u201eServetus . . . trp\u011bl trest za sv\u00e1 kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, ale bylo to z m\u00e9 v\u016fle? Zajist\u00e9 ho zabila jeho arogance nem\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jeho bezbo\u017enost. A jak\u00fd zlo\u010din to byl m\u016fj, kdy\u017e na\u0161e Rada, na moje nab\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, skute\u010dn\u011b a v souladu s n\u00e1zorem n\u011bkolika c\u00edrkv\u00ed, pomstila jeho ohavn\u00e9 rouh\u00e1n\u00ed?\u201c<\/p>\n

Jak lze takov\u00e9 mu\u010den\u00ed prominout? V listopadu 1552 prohl\u00e1sil \u017denevsk\u00fd koncil Kalv\u00ednovo Instituce u\u010den\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed <\/i>za \u201esvatou nauku, proti kter\u00e9 se nesm\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk postavit\u201c. Nesouhlasit s Kalv\u00ednov\u00fdm pojet\u00edm Boha bylo p\u0159estoupen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zaru\u010dovalo trest smrti podle toho, jak Kalv\u00edn vysv\u011btloval Leviticus 24,16. Z\u00e1znamy m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady v \u017denev\u011b popisuj\u00ed jeden rozsudek, kdy byl mu\u017e, kter\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u011b protestoval proti doktr\u00edn\u011b p\u0159edur\u010den\u00ed Jana Kalv\u00edna, bi\u010dov\u00e1n na v\u0161ech hlavn\u00edch k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch m\u011bsta a pot\u00e9 byl vylou\u010den. (\u201eThe Minutes Book of the Geneva City Council, 1541-59,\u201c p\u0159elo\u017eil Stefan Zweig, Erasmus: The Right to Heresy<\/i>). V tomto m\u011bst\u011b sis nesm\u011bl dovolit nesouhlasit s Kalv\u00ednem.<\/p>\n

\u0160patn\u00fd v\u00fdklad Bible m\u016f\u017ee zab\u00edjet lidi<\/b><\/h3>\n

Jan Kalv\u00edn argumentoval: \u201eKdokoli bude nyn\u00ed tvrdit, \u017ee je nespravedliv\u00e9 zab\u00edjet kac\u00ed\u0159e a rouha\u010de, v\u011bdom\u011b a \u00famysln\u011b dozn\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich vinu. Nen\u00ed to lidsk\u00e1 autorita, kter\u00e1 mluv\u00ed, je to B\u016fh, kter\u00fd mluv\u00ed a p\u0159edepisuje v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 pravidlo pro svou c\u00edrkev.\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161patn\u00fdch p\u0159eklad\u016f Bible vede ke zklam\u00e1n\u00ed v nebiblick\u00e9m bohu, ke strachu z toho, co po\u017eaduje, nebo k fale\u0161n\u00e9mu pocitu bezpe\u010d\u00ed stoj\u00edc\u00edm na p\u0159ekroucen\u00fdch v\u011brouk\u00e1ch. Ale to m\u016f\u017ee i zab\u00edjet. Jan Kalv\u00edn ospravedl\u0148oval vra\u017edu na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho myln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu Bible. Neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed to cel\u00fd jeho \u017eivot nebo jeho p\u0159\u00ednos pro protestantskou c\u00edrkev, ale my m\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt moud\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi a pou\u010dit se z jeho chyb<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Jan Kalv\u00edn zast\u00e1val Augustinovo biblick\u00e9 ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed pro up\u00e1len\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f. Augustin omlouval tato krut\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka sv\u00fdm v\u00fdkladem Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova podobenstv\u00ed o velk\u00e9 hostin\u011b v Luk\u00e1\u0161i 14,16-24. Kdy\u017e p\u00e1n v tomto podobenstv\u00ed nemohl zaplnit hostinu, p\u0159ik\u00e1zal v Luk\u00e1\u0161i 14,23 sv\u00fdm slu\u017eebn\u00edk\u016fm: \u201ep\u0159inu\u0165 je<\/i> vej\u00edt, aby se m\u016fj d\u016fm naplnil.\u201c Augustin a Kalv\u00edn v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee up\u00e1len\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f \u201ep\u0159inut\u00ed\u201c v\u00edce lid\u00ed k tomu, aby vstoupili do jejich Bo\u017e\u00edho domu. Ze slova \u201ep\u0159inu\u0165\u201c si ud\u011blali licenci na zab\u00edjen\u00ed, ani\u017e by brali ohled na jin\u00e1 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova u\u010den\u00ed jako \u201emilujte sv\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele\u201c, a takov\u00fdto v\u00fdklad byl z\u00e1sadn\u00edm hermeneutick\u00fdm omylem. Jak\u00e1koliv \u010d\u00e1st Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova u\u010den\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na ve sv\u011btle cel\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/span>\"bible\"<\/p>\n

(Source: http:\/\/www.reenactingtheway.com\/blog\/john-calvin-had-people-killed-and-bad-bible-interpretation-justified-it)<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
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<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong>WLC Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/b> V knize Zjeven\u00ed jsme upozorn\u011bni, \u017ee t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00e1vratem Yahu\u0161ui, aby vl\u00e1dl na cel\u00e9 Zemi jako kr\u00e1l kr\u00e1l\u016f a p\u00e1n p\u00e1n\u016f, bude existovat celosv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nebudou v souladu s popul\u00e1rn\u00edm uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm Boha. T\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodnou dodr\u017eovat dikt\u00e1ty sv\u011bdom\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi mand\u00e1ty, bude odep\u0159eno pr\u00e1vo nakupovat a prod\u00e1vat. Mnoz\u00ed dokonce zaplat\u00ed kone\u010dnou cenu za to, \u017ee se budou \u0159\u00eddit sv\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edmi m\u00edsto toho, aby dodr\u017eovali v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. S ohledem na to chceme tento \u010dl\u00e1nek sd\u00edlet jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednku a varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f a dogmat v\u016f\u010di ostatn\u00edm. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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On s\u00e1m nikomu nes\u0165al hlavu, ani nezap\u00e1lil ohe\u0148, kter\u00fd up\u00e1lil heretiky za\u017eiva, ale Kalv\u00ednova k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed ze Star\u00e9ho a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona tvrdila, \u017ee takov\u00e9to tresty smrti jsou v souladu s Bo\u017e\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy. Jak to? Kalv\u00edn nev\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee v\u0161echny z\u00e1kony Star\u00e9 smlouvy byly odlo\u017een\u00e9 stranou Novou smlouvou oslaven\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. 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